What are the Vedas in Indian culture?
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The Vedas (or knowledge) are the earliest available record of the Hindus. According to Bal Gangadhar Tilak – known as the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’ – the Vedas date back to 4,000 BCE but Max Muller, considers their age to be 1,200 BCE (Dasgupta, 1922). Max Muller (1899: 46) notes ‘Whatever may be the date of Vedic hymns, whether 1500 or 15000 BC they have their own unique place and stand by themselves in the literature of the world’. Accordingly, all the branches of Hindu philosophy, when considered in parts such as the metaphysics, ethics, epistemology and logic, owe their origin to the Vedas and use them as their source material. The Vedas are called apaurusheya, that is, not man-made but present eternally. They are the thoughts heard (Shruti) by spiritual scientists called Rishis in deep meditation during the quest of the Self. ‘The Vedas are described as apaurusheya, that is, written by no man. They were transmitted down from one generation to the next [by oral tradition] without anyone having a clue as to who wrote them’ (Narlikar, 2011: n.d.).
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