What is Raynaud’s and what are the signs and symptoms of Raynaud’s?
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Raynaud’s is classified as a vasospastic disorder, meaning blood vessels tighten or go into spasm, causing vessel constriction. This condition causes discolouration of the fingers and toes and can involve other areas of the body, as well. As a result of poor blood flow to these areas, skin will become excessively pale or purple in colour and nails will often become brittle and develop ridges. Chronic or recurrent cases can lead to atrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in affected areas.
Raynaud’s includes Raynaud’s disease, which is considered idiopathic(of no known origin), or Raynaud’s phenomenon or syndrome, in which there is a known causal factor (often connective tissue disorders, such as Lupus). These conditions are also known as primary and secondary Raynaud’s, respectively.
When subject to the cold, or often triggered at times of stress, blood supply to the fingers and toes decreases (rarely, this condition can also affect the nose an earlobes), causing the skin to become white and eventually purple or blue, cold and numb or painful. Raynaud’s is episodic, meaning that the above symptoms will subside. As blood flow returns to the affected area, the skin becomes warm and red, often there will be some minor swelling, as well as potential ‘pins and needles’ like pain.